Reality Television Research Paper Example

Reality Television Research Paper Example Reality Television Paper Reality Television Paper Entertainment for some, humiliation for others, new beginnings for some, bad endings for others, dreams turned into reality for some and dreams shattered for others. Reality television on which anything can happen, millions of viewers gripped to their seats, pulses racing ogling at a box. Millions of people they can not all be crazy to watch reality television, or can they? Little did Philo Taylor Farnsworth, the inventor of the television know that one day lazy people who sit in a house all day or people who eat bugs in a jungle will be shown on his invention. How can reality television be useful? Deviant, destructive and disastrous, what knowledge will viewers gain by watching diabolical fools shouting abuse and using profanity? Teenagers are believed to be influenced by the media very easily, seeing all this negativity it clearly shows what they will gain from it. weak brained On the other hand, reality television can be seen as educational. Youngsters get to see the real world and different people who all have different personalities. Reality television teaches youngsters about the real world and the situations that can arise in life. Humans learn by seeing things and experiencing them, everyone must have seen how children want to touch a flame despite the parents shouting, but once the child touches the flame the child never does it again knowing it burns, in the same way teenagers watch reality television and learn from the situations that contestants have to face and apply it to their own lives and consider it while making decisions. Also, the contestants who participate in reality television shows are from a broad spectrum of society which enables youngsters to see the behaviour of wealthy and poor alike. However, how can people be sure what they are watching is reality? All they see is what the camera wants them to see and when the camera is on all they see us people wearing masks of disguise, pretending to be someone else for popularity, fame, money and crazy viewers to become obsessed with them. Humans are so pathetic that they sit in front of a box watching the lives of other lame people, who are just acting. Why call it reality television when people are acting? Theatres are made to watch people act, why watch shameless people act on what is supposed to be called reality television? In contrast to this, reality television is full of entertainment. In this modern world with all the stress from grumpy managers and resentful co-workers, entertainment is necessary and if people can be relieved from a tough day at work, by seeing the humiliation of other people who themselves chose to enter the show, then what is the harm? Adding on, youngsters who instead of causing crime and irritating old people on streets, enjoy watching reality television and enjoy the embarrassment of other people then what is the harm? However it can be argued that those ordinary people, who like many others, dream high however get disgraced and degraded in front of millions of people which immediately knocks down their confidence. Reality television is derogatory which has a negative effect on the contestants. Reality television acts as a catalyst to defame and suppress personality characteristics of the participants. Nevertheless, reality television benefits contestants despite the derogatory behaviour, due to reality television shows contestants are able to express themselves which relieves their emotional trauma and catharsis. Moreover it helps contestants build positive relations with others and living in a different lifestyle helps them appreciate their own lifestyle and helps them to improve it. In Celebrity Big Brother 2007, millions of viewers witnessed the famous racial row between the Bollywood actress Shilpa Shetty and English celebrity Jade Goody however, after the row Shilpa and Jade became friends and held no grudges against each other which shows that despite the controversy the contestants experienced they learnt to resolve the problems amicably. However, reality television shows send a bad message and fixation on instant celebrities. Shows like Big Brother suggest that anyone can become famous by participating on a reality television show and lounging around in a house all day shouting abuse without working hard or having any particular talent at all. Youngsters who watch these shows will assume that education is not important and that they do not need to study hard in school or train hard for a regular job. Producers of reality television shows themselves earn thousands of pounds however they show influential shows which influence others in a negative way and make them loose out on education, is this right? It can be argued that we believe in freedom and free speech. In this modern day society many people do a variety of things and fairly speaking, they all have a right to do anything they want as long as they abide the law. Moreover, it can be said that millions of viewers watch reality television and we have to accept reality television as an expression of popular and democratic taste. Adding on, nobody is compelled to appear in reality television or indeed watch it. Many people argue that reality television shows are a bad influence but no one forces people to watch it, everyone has the right to pick up their remote control and switch the television off or change the channel. A study found that in the year 2000, 70% of the population watched reality television occasionally or on a regular basis, so is it fair for a minority of reality television haters to stop the huge minority of people from watching the shows that they are crazy for? In contrast, the show Americas Next Top Model which last year on September 9th had 3. 22 million viewers tuned in, some groaning and moaning at the girls they dislike and some admiring the beauty of the model with the slender waist. The show on which many female contestants enter, exposing their beauty and skills to the viewers and craving to impress the judges with their bony bodies and fresh faces. However, shows like this promote being skinny and attractive and contribute to eating disorders like anorexia within teenage girls. About ninety percent of those who are known to develop anorexia are female, why? Because girls feel pressurized to be thin by shows like Americas Next Top Model and feel that the only way that they will look attractive is by having the characteristics of the models on television. Millions of people can not all be crazy watching reality television, or can they? There are many reasons for watching reality television, some people watch it simply for a laugh to cheer them up, and others watch reality television to admire the beauty of the models and celebrities. However is this all really harmless fun? Teenage girls are becoming influenced by the television and are turning as skinny as sticks, other contestants are completely embarrassed to try something new again due to the insults they received from the strict judges and the taunts and mockery from other people. Nothing in the world is ever perfect; some people love something into to bits while others feel sick at the name of it. The same principal applies to reality television, while some viewers sit all day enjoying themselves watching the humiliation of others there are some viewers who rage with anger while reading the name of a reality television show listed on the television guide. The producers make a huge amount of money from reality television shows, the contestants become famous and the viewers get entertained, everyone is happy. However on the other hand, swearing and violence are shown, teenagers get influenced by all the negativity and many youngsters become lazy in school due to the image in some shows which suggests that no talent is needed to become famous.

Take a Stand for Language Standards

Take a Stand for Language Standards Take a Stand for Language Standards Take a Stand for Language Standards By Mark Nichol English usage is always evolving, but the rate of evolution seems to accelerate all the time, and careful observers will note in a wide variety of content pervasive examples of the relaxation of standards for written English. This post discusses several categories in which it appears that even professional writers often seem unaware of basic precepts of good writing. As discussed in previous posts, the velocity of change in what is considered acceptable written English has sped up thanks to the proliferation of media resources available to the average person and the dynamics of the publishing industry. Because of the explosive increase in content produced by poorly trained writers (amateurs and professionals alike) and the decrease in rigorous editing, substandard writing spreads unchecked, with the following results. Writers often, out of ignorance and/or apathy, close compound words that are treated as open and hyphenated in dictionaries and other writer resources, so that, for instance, we increasingly see â€Å"life span† styled as lifespan and â€Å"time frame† written as timeframe, and mind-set and light-year appear, respectively, as mindset and lightyear. This process has occurred for hundreds of years as a natural progression, but we appear to be in the midst of multiple evolutions occurring simultaneously. In a similar case, â€Å"all right† frequently appears as alright. It has done so since the mid-nineteenth century, but what’s new is that it is now creeping over from lay writing such as personal blogs to professionally produced content such as online newspapers. Amateur and professional writers alike are also increasingly failing to observe two types of distinctions between essential and nonessential phrases. First, for example, is the error seen in identifications of people such as the one in â€Å"Company president, John Smith, was also named in the suit.† The mistaken use of internal punctuation, due to the confusion of the simple job description â€Å"company president† with the appositive â€Å"the company president,† which would require the name to be set off from the descriptor because that phrase and the name are interchangeable (while â€Å"company president† and â€Å"John Smith† are not), is nothing new but is becoming commonplace in professionally produced content. As an example of the second type of essential/nonessential confusion, the following sentence is flawed because it implies that more than one Emergency Alerts system exists, and the one in question, unlike one or more others, can send alerts about catastrophic events: â€Å"The agency sent the alert through the national Emergency Alerts system that can send alerts about catastrophic events.† The following revision correctly observes that â€Å"can send alerts about catastrophic events† describes the system’s function rather than explains the specific function of one type of system (which is the point of the sentence): â€Å"The agency sent the alert through the national Emergency Alerts system, which can send alerts about catastrophic events.† That type of error, published on the website of a metropolitan newspaper, unlike the others noted above, is a cardinal sin rather than a venial one because it doesn’t just â€Å"look wrong†; it affects clarity and comprehension. I’m well aware that observations such as these can make me sound like a get-off-my-lawn geezer, but this is my point: Such shifts in our language are inevitable, but as a treasure hunter tells intrepid teenage Indiana Jones when the latter fails to prevent an artifact from being sold on the black market, â€Å"You lost today, kid, but that doesn’t mean you have to like it.† That is not to say I don’t â€Å"like it,† that I don’t approve of language evolution (which is just as futile as not approving the sun going down or the tide coming in), but what I don’t like is a failure to respect and observe current standards. Just as we agree that certain letters, numbers, and other symbols represent various sounds, quantities, and functions, we should agree on precepts of grammar, syntax, usage, and punctuation. As a professional editor and writer, it is my responsibility to help preserve the language as it is now, according to standards codified in numerous writing and editing guides and other resources, and not anticipate revisions that will appear in future editions, and I recommend that you do so, too. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Cost-Effective vs. Cost-Efficient10 Techniques for More Precise Writing15 Idioms for Periods of Time

Financial Appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial Appraisal - Essay Example Charities are evenly exposed to risk as compared to any commercial organization because of changing economic conditions, scare availability of funds and conservative approach towards operations due to limited resources. Regeneration through Education Limited (RTE) also has to be prudent in its business operation as its supporting adult education and training facility in deprived localities. For this purpose trustees must ensure prudence in their business operations. RTE is faced with the situation of tight funding and new supplier for their huge investment of  £100,000 in furniture and fittings. To mitigate the risk management of the trust has to follow two important components discussed below: Beside these two measures for risk coverage, RTE has to make the remaining payment within 10days of receipt of the goods therefore RTE has to manage its cash flow sensitivities during the construction period through: All charities are required to prepare accounts and make them available on request to public and authority commission (Deloitte, 2011).   The duty to file accounts and the Trustees’ Annual Report with the Charity Commission applies to all registered charities earning annual income or expenditure over  £10,000. RTE is maintaining annual turnover of  £ 2.5mn so it has to send its complete Annual Return to Charity Commission with 10 months of the financial year end (Charity Commission, 2011). RTE can only succeed in providing educational courses and infrastructure support to the under privileged segment of society if it is better able to manage its financial resources and report them accordingly within specified timeframe. This implies that RTE has to manage its inflows and outflows to meet their short, medium and long term business objectives and plan operational strategies based on these financial resource reporting and

MITM (Man in the middle) attack Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MITM (Man in the middle) attack - Essay Example The other names for MITM attack are fire brigade, Bucket Brigade, monkey-in-the –middle, TCP hijacking, session hijacking, and TCP session hijacking (Bhatia, 2008) Man-in-the-middle attack can be successful only when the attacker has the ability to impersonate each of the two endpoints to the others satisfaction. Most of the cryptographic protocols involve certain forms of authentication that is designed specifically to prevent the MITM attack. An example of an MITM attack that is successful against the public key encryption is as follows: In  an MITM (Man-in-the-Middle) attack, the intruder or an attacker inserts or puts himself between notes of two networks. E.g., considering a successful attack, if a packet is sent to Alice by John, the packet sent passes through or branches through the attacker or intruder Jane first and Jane decides after getting it to forward it to the recipient Alice with modifications or without any; upon receiving the packet, Alice thinks that it come from John. The attack i.e. MITM is bidirectional, hence the same process applies upon Alice sending a packet to John (Samah, et al, 2008) The available techniques for preventing an MITM attack are authentication techniques based on second or secure channel verification, passwords and secret keys, which are strong and secure authentication, latency examination, one-time pads, and carry-forward verification. Secret keys are high information entropy secrets hence more secure while passwords are low information entropy secrets, which are less secure (Stewart, 2008). Long or Extended calculations of Cryptographic hash function, which is a latency examination lead into few seconds and incase both involved parties take twenty seconds, the third party can be indicated since the calculation take sixty seconds to reach to each involved party. One-time pads are resistant or immune to MITM (man-in-the-middle)

Health Promotion Essay: Skin Cancer Awareness and Prevention

Health Promotion Essay: Skin Cancer Awareness and Prevention Health Promotion Essay about Skin Cancer Awareness and Prevention. Include group members were Lawrence Essilfie, Olufunmilayo Dawodu,Carla Gillard, Neil Brannigan, Niamh Greaney and Fiona Opoku throughshared ideas, experiences and debates. This essay shall discuss a health promotion forum on awareness and prevention of â€Å"Skin cancer† which was carried out by student nurses, named above. The four main areas the essay will cover are assessment of health needs, approach used, and evaluation of the health forum and finally conclude with a summary of the health forum. World Health is an important issue in today’s society. A good definition of health is â€Å"A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease† (World Health Organization, 1946). Skin cancer is defined as malignant cell that forms in the tissues of the skin outer layer. Generally, most forms of skin cancer characteristic increase in a pattern. It begins with a single cell, by mysterious reasons the cell begins to reproduce extremely quickly. This uncontrollable growth leads eventually to cancerous cells which spreading through the body, affect larger areas. It occurs in both men and women (Hounsome et al, 2009). Assessment health needs is a systematic method for reviewing the health issue facing the population leading to agreed priorities and resources allocation that will improve health inequalities (NICE, 2005). There is an enormous detrimental of skin cancer in the United Kingdom (UK) and worldwide; therefore the need to educate the public is important. Epidemiological and demographic statistics Skin cancer has been established as one of the common cancer in UK, men and women are likely to get skin cancer but have not been known to be the most common cancer in women. Cancer Research UK, (2011) supported that, in 2011 13,300 people in the UK were diagnosed with skin cancer. 71% of those diagnosed with skin cancer were men, 61% of those were women and that is, 37 people globally been diagnosed every day (Worldwide Cancer, 2012). Cancer Research UK, (2011) states that one in every nine people in the UK will develop skin cancer at some point in their life; more than 300,000 cases will be diagnosed by the year 2020. It has become the most common cancer in the UK and is a leading cause of death for men aged 34 to 54 (Macmillan, 2009). According to Cancer Research UK, (2011), the strongest risk factor for skin cancer after smoking and alcohol is ultraviolet light, tanning beds, genetics and age. The older the person, the higher is the risk of developing skin cancer. NICE, (2010) supported that, skin cancer is strongly related to age with 81% of cases occurring in both sex age 50years and over and nearly 48% of cases of skin cancer are diagnosed in the 50- 69 age group. The World Health Organization WHO (2011) supports, skin cancer to be in the group top ten cause of death in high income countries. Despite the high incidence rates in western countries, 89% of people diagnosed with skin cancer are due to early detection and treatment states (Parkin et al, 2010). The Australia and New Zealand have one of the highest incidence rates worldwide including North America and USA, UK making these countries a priority for skin cancer awareness and prevention. In 2010 skin cancer resulted in an estimated 11,790 deaths in undeveloped countries and 184,000 deaths in developed countries accounting for 12 and 16 percent, respectively of all cancer deaths in men and women states Sherris, (2002). Between 2006-2008 skins cancer began to rise at the young age of 25 years, following the statistics and research completed by researchers. The target group will be from 18-40 years of age. The rational for choosing this target group was; giving information to young adults can give early discovery which can result in treatment, which increases chances of preventing, and also considering the opportunity for youngster to fully understating the risk of skin cancer (Davies Macdowall, 2006). Factors There are public health aspects to most cancers. Prevention is vital, including maintain a healthy lifestyle. There are many social factors that can affect skin cancer as stated above. Little exposures to ultraviolet light and the right timing can reduce the chances of skin cancer including awareness of the disease (American Cancer Society, 2010). Studies found that, non-melanoma incidence is rising in younger people, especially among those aged 25-39 (Bath-Hextall et al. 2007). The rates of most serious skin cancer are higher with men, as well as the deaths rate (Cancer Research UK, 2014). Malignant melanoma incidence has also risen in last 20 years in England from a rate of 6.7 per 100,000 people in 1985-87 to around 17.3 per 100,000 people in 2004-14 (Hounsome et al. 2009). Office for National Statistics, (2009) supported skin cancer is a public health issue, by placing the number of skin cancer deaths in the UK, is increasing each year. WHO, (2011) prompting the government to increase the awareness of skin cancer, like promoting UK national skin screening program, to create the awareness (Macmillan, 2009). Health Education Authority. (1998). Skin cancer prevention: policy guidelines for local authorities is to provide shade structures in public places to be utilised by general members most especially, children and young adult. Emphases were being given to the need to provide shade in areas often used. DOH (2006) Skin cancer awareness policy supported that, outdoor workers should be conscious of when and time to work, the feel and look of their skin and through contractors will obtain education in the suitable use of protective clothing and sunscreens to prevent against skin cancer. NICE (2011) skin cancer guidance is to ensure the published skin cancer measures are both comprehensive and clear to the public. It promotes self aware, also supporting being skin aware and regular skin checking together offer the best chances of finding skin cancer early. WHO, (2011) be skin aware, supported also the leaflets encourages public to become more aware of their bodies generally and to get to know their own skin. In addition, CIEH, (2005) Also stating some risk reduction might be achieved with prevention, these strategies cannot eliminate the majority of skin cancer that develop in low and middle income countries where skin cancer is diagnosed in very late stages. Therefore early detection helps in order to improve skin cancer outcome and survival remains the cornerstone of skin cancer control. Bradshaw’s’ needs The type of needs chosen for raising skin cancer awareness and prevention is normative need. Normative need is a need that is identified by health professionals based on the available sources and then judge on how the needs can be meet. One disadvantages of normative need is that it is not an objective fact it reflects on the judgement of the health professional which may be different from the patients. (Naidoo Willis, 2009). An educational approach was used because the aim of the forum was to equip individuals with the knowledge about being skin awareness so they can be able to make a well informed decision regarding their lives (Miller, 2013). The approach is intended to have an outcome for the targeted group because they will have an understanding of skin cancer and how early detection can changes life’s (Scriven, 2010). Advantage of the approach is the public’s right of free choice as long as the health promoter identifies the educational content to the individual (Ewles Simnet, 2003), the promoters in this case had identified that, giving preventive measure is beneficial. The disadvantage of the approach is in spite of the individuals being educated and given information does not necessarily mean they will change (Naidoo Willis, 2009). Methods used to educate was leaflets, showing through poster how affected skin looks, wallet size cards with information, sample sun cream also discussions once educated the visitors had the right to make an informed choice (Miller, 2013). Aims and objectives are important to be specific, measurable, achievable, and realistic time oriented (Ewles Simnet, 2003). The groups aim was to raise awareness and prevention of skin cancer to the public aged between 18-40 years. The groups objectives were that, at the end of 4-5 minutes visitors will be able to list two ways to prevent them from getting skin cancer, can name two sign, symptoms and the main causes of skin cancer, they would be able to list any two things they learnt from visiting our stand and also be able to state where they can access further information on skin cancer (Scriven, 2010). The evaluation process that had been used is impact, process, outcome and income which are in line with (Naidoo Willis, 2009). Process is described as the activity that shows detailed account of the intervention being planned and carried out (Tonnes Tilford, 2001). To achieve aims and objectives the group set up rules, each member was given a task to do which will help in achieving aims and objectives, resources that were gathered are posters, sun scream with SFP 15 and leaflets for the health forum. Achieving this, effective communication and understanding of what was expected from every member of the group (Scriven, 2010). Process Evaluation Proposed successful working in partnership with colleagues help develop each other’s strengths (Ewles Simnet, 2003). The theme of the forum was ‘BE SUN SMART’ that represents skin cancer awareness and prevention. There were writing in orange and bold stating â€Å"Skin Cancer Awareness And Prevention,† which was eye catching as a member of the group printed an image both genders why half of their faces were affected and a moles at the back representing how to sport and prevent skin cancer developing (Miller, 2013). A hat, sunglasses and T-shirt were use visually to help our visitors think how to prevent their bodies from getting skin cancer whenever they are going under the sun, be sun smart were used as a rhymed to remember our visitors, Leaflets were distributed among the people visiting the stand and different literature resources were displayed for visitors to read and also take away with them for future purposes Bunton MacDonald, 2002) This proved effective as visitors did not know how to identify normal moles from the cancerous moles (Tones Tilford, 2001). After showing of how skin changes when it’s affect by cancer cell and how to prevent those, questionnaires were distributed to the visitors in order to measure and assess whether objectives were achieved (Naidoo Wills, 2009). Questionnaires were given to each visitor who visited our stand. The questionnaire was helpful as it allows the visitors time to think about their responses with intrusion and can be distributed to vast numbers of people at the same time (Louise Parker, 2007). Freebies like a wallet size card with the help line and a website to get more information was given out, SPF 15 sun cream and a bottle of water was given out to every visitor who filled out a questionnaire. Impact evaluation is relevant to health promotion because it measures the impact of the activity (Scriven, 2010). Attending the health forum was encouraging as different age groups attended. Lecturers of the group evaluated the group’s overall presentation gave positive feedback on the presentation and overall work and we also got a very positive feedback from participant as we made her aware to visit her GP about a mole she been having over three weeks. The immediate impact was measured using the questionnaire that was distributed during the forum. All twenty five questionnaires were completed and 68% of the public that attended the forum could state the promoters objectives’ (Miller, 2013). However, 32% of the public were not sure, out of the twenty five questionnaires, twenty five were completed by the targeted group 100%. Out of the twenty five questionnaires, eighteen of them feel more confident knowing how to avoid and prevent their skin of any skin cancer and also being well aware of where to get information, therefore the promoters achieved their aims and objectives as figures were significant (Scriven, 2010). Outcome evaluation looks at long term of the health promotion activity, to see whether the objectives had been achieved or not (Tones Tilford, 2001). It is impossible to meet up with the participants who took part in the forum to gain feedback as the promoters did not obtain the contact details. Overall the presentation was excellent. The stand was very attractive. Improvement for the future would be to obtain participants contacts and enable the promoters to reach out of them where and when necessary. Also to spend a little bit more time with the participants as different people learn differently to achieve 100% of promoters’ aims and objectives. The health promoter’s role is to help people improve and gaining increase control over their health. By acting as a facilitator for assessing, evaluating and understanding health which involves working with all age groups, from a wide range of audiences (Green Tonnes, 2010). Educating the public, they will have to keep their knowledge up to date about issues arising or that needs improving, (Bennet, Perry Lawerence,2009). In conclusion the aim and objectives where achieved by raising awareness and prevention of skin cancer which is beneficial regardless of age by using an educational approach. Knowledge was gained during the campaign which was positive and will help the health promoters plan and implement any future activities. Word count: 2200 Reference Lists: Bennet, C., Perry, J. Lawrence, Z. (2009). Promoting Health in Primary care: Role of the health promoter. Nursing Standard, 23(47), 48-56. Bunton, R and MacDonald, G. (2002). Health Promotion: Disciples, diversity anddevelopments. (2nd Ed). London: Routledge Cancer research UK, (2010). Skin cancer incidence statistics, RetrievedFebruary, 03, 2014, from http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerinfo/cancerstats/types/skin/incide ce/ Chartered Institute of Environmental Health (May 2005). Raising awarenessof the risk of skin Cancer Davies, M. Macdowall, W. (2006) Health Promotion Theory London: Open University Press Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety (2011). Sunbeds Act (Northern Ireland). Belfast: DHSSPSNI; 2012. Ewes, L. and Simnett, I. (2003).Promoting Healty: A practical Guide. (5thEd). Edinburg: Bailliere Tindall. Health Education Authority. (1998). Skin Cancer Prevention: Policy Guidelines For Local Authorities. London, Health Education Authority Hounsome L, Poirier V, Dancox M, Ives A, Harris S, Verne J. (2009). â€Å"Analysis of the Increase in Incidence of Malignant Melanoma, and Correlations with External Factors†. South West Public Health Group. Louise, M. Parker, E. (2007). Health promotion principles practice in the Australian context. Australia: Ligare Macmillan, (2009) Prevention of skin cancer. Retrieved February, 03, 2014, fromwww.macmillan.org.uk Miller, C.A. 2013 Fast Facts for Health Promotion in Nursing : Promoting Wellness in a Nutshell: Retrieved March, 10, 2014, from http://herts.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1188979echo=1userid=her. 248710072e1d717tstamp=1387537341id=726352cfcfdf896d9a166c9754080 b1ea49f571extsrc=ath-usr Naidoo, J. Wills. J. (2009). Foundations for health promotion. Edinburgh: Bailliere Tindall Elsevier. National Cancer Intelligence Network (2012) â€Å"Understanding cancer: oncology training for NHS and Public Health non-clinical staff†. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2010). Clinical guideline 104. Diagnosis and management of metastatic malignant disease of unknown primary origin. London: NICE; 2010. National Institute of clinical Excellence. (2005). Health needs assessments: a practical guide. Retrieved March, 10, 2014, from http://www.nice.org.uk NICE public health guidance 32 (2011). Skin cancer prevention: information,resources and environmental changes Office for National Statistics (2012) Cancer Survival Rates Cancer Survival in England: Patients Diagnosed, 2006–2010 and Followed up to 2011. Office for National Statistics (2013) Cancer Statistics Registrations, England (Series MB1), No. 42, 2011 . Office for National Statistics (2013). General Lifestyle Survey overview: A report on the 2010 general lifestyle survey. (PDF 131MB) 2013. Parkin D.M., Mesher D., Sasieni, P. (2010). Cancers attributable to solar (ultraviolet) radiation exposure in the UK in 2010. Br J Cancer 2011;105 Suppl 2:S66-9. Pender, N., Murdaugh, C. and Parsons, M. (2006.).Health Promotion in Nursing Practice. (6th Ed.).Pearson Education: London. Scherpereel A, Astoul P, Baas P, et al. Guidelines of the European Respiratory Society and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons for the management of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Eur Respir J 2010;35(3):479-95. Scriven, A. (2010).Promoting Health: a practical guide.(6th Ed.).London: Bailliere Tindall. South West Public Health Group (2010) Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Estimates of `cases, November 2010. Tones, K. Tilford, S. (2001). Health Education Effectiveness, Efficiency and Equity. Cheltenham: Nelson Thomas. World Health Organization. (1946). Definition of Health. Retrieved February, 12, 2014, from http://www.who.int/about/definition/en/pring.html. World health Organization. Retrieved February, 9, 2011, fromwww.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index.html Lawrence (12234201) Module Code: 5NMH1018 1 | Page

Syllabus Notes on Rome: The Augustan Age

Syllabus Notes Rome: The Augustan Age 44BC – AD14 1Establishment of the Principate Impact of the Death of Caesar – Republic government = Senate. – Julius assassinated seen to be becoming dictator. – Wealth + position left to Octavian. – Political heirs thought to be Antony (other consul) and Lepidus (master of horses/ assistant to dictator) – Ant in charge (abolishes dictatorship) > Lep: pontifex maximus in Spain Early Career of Octavian -Speech @ nan’s funeral Education + military training from Caesar > hears of father’s death AVENGE -Pays 75 denarii w. own $ & hosts games (comet = soul of Caesar) -Puts army together & gets imperium to defeat Ant in Gaul > Decimus Brutus given triumph Second Triumvirate and Civil War -Joins Ant works & Lepidus where interests lie (triumvirate) power of dictator, against Republicans -Senate & Cicero reject demands for consulship, Oct seizes control; prepares for war (against assasins: Brutus & C assius) -Proscriptions – Cicero > escapees joined Pompieus Battle of Phillipi: Reps defeated- triumvirs divide empire -Treaty of Brudism: war risk> Ant marries Octavia> further division -Treaty of Misenum: Pirate Pompieus gets 3 area after stopping corn. Archaea proconsul. -Ant marries Cleo> end of Triumvirate Consequences and Significance of the Battle of Actium -Civil uproar @ Ant’s propaganda (Ant’s will) -Blockade (w. Agrippa) Cleo & Ant escape leave fleet behind- later commit suicide -Troops demobilized Egypt annexed to Rome> pays off campaigns, triumph + adorns Rome -Oct establishes authority in East & put in prayers and liberations -Temple of Janus closed after 200yrs: PEACE Development of the Principate: Settlements of 27 and 23 BC -Puts aside powers granted to him> looks like Senate is in control -Became Princeps (1st citizen) others held title before -1ST SETTLEMENT: Procunsular Imperium Consul â€Å"Augustus† -2ND SETTLEMENT: Procunsular maius Imperium Tribunica Potestas Titles, Honours and Images Propaganda> associates himself with victories, religion, heirs, peace -All over the empire- promote himself, looks like he does a lot for the people: prima porta -Didn’t use title a lot- makes him seem too powerful Syllabus Notes Rome: The Augustan Age 44BC – AD14 2The Augustan Principate Augustus and the Senate: Roles and Responsibilities -Augustus treated the Senate with respect (example of JC), he was fair -shared the work not power -Army, honours & ‘auctoritas’ helped Aug control Senate -Unsuitable members removed 3 times (1000 to 600) and fewer sessions -Members had to have: hereditary link or favour from Aug.Monetary qualification -Hereditary members: broad purple stripe â€Å"New Men†: narrow purple stripe -Senatorial provinces were peaceful> Imperial provinces (Aug) were ‘armed’ -Consilium principas council that advised Aug- 20 senators and family members Roles of Magistrate s and Officials -Positions held status & power- cursus honorum – leads to other opportunities -Aediles lost popularity and responsibilities: grain supply, aqueducts, fire brigade -Aug approve/reject candidates for positions due to autoritas -Consulship reduced to 6 months -New committees> used senior men more specific jobs, quality of work improved

The Australian Education System Primary Secondary And...

The Australian education system offers primary, secondary and tertiary education. School education is primary and secondary while tertiary education comprises both vocational education and training (VET) and higher education, including universities (Elcom 2013). Australian qualification framework (AQF) is a government-authorized and nationally accredited policy that covers the tertiary education sector. The AQF has 10 levels and links school, vocational and university education qualifications into one national system (Elcom 2013). With respect to funding education, each state or territory government funds and regulates the public and private schools within their governing area while the federal government helps fund the public universities (Elcom 2013; King 2001, p. 190). The universities are predominantly owned by the government and relay on government subsidy as their main source of income to run their everyday business. Universities argue that the reduction in funding tertiary education would bring a crisis in higher education system (King 2001, p. 191). On the other hand, government of all political persuasions seems to accept university funding as a trivial government agenda. Even though, recently elected coalition government has announced a slight-increase in research funding, the package seems too little compared to recent plan on university funding cut (King 2001, p. 191). The fresh proposal to cut university funding will hamper Australian’s education system, mayShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Gough Whitlam On Australia1467 Words   |  6 Pages 2015). The three bills that will be presented through this essay are the Education system, with what it was like before and after the Whitlam Government came into power, what Health care was like before and after the Whitlam Government and what the Indigenous Australians went through before and after the Whitlam Government. 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